Discounts & Premiums
Minority ownership is one of the most common – and most hotly debated – aspects of business valuation. A lack of control does not mean a lack of need for empirical and expert conclusions of value. BVR has what you need for ownership totaling less than 50%.
Guides & Books
2020 Closed-End Fund Report: Fixed Income Securities
June 2020
The 2020 Closed-End Fund Report – Fixed Income Securities report, authored by experts Bruce A. Johnson, ASA and James R. Park, ASA provides historical and current closed-end fund data in one convenient publication, saving you the hassle - and expense - of searching through other data sources.
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2020 Closed-End Fund Report: Stocks and Equity Investments
June 2020
The 2020 Closed-End Fund Report – Stocks and Equity Investments report, authored by experts Bruce A. Johnson, ASA and James R. Park, ASA provides historical and current closed-end fund data in one convenient publication, saving you the hassle-and expense -of searching through other data sources.
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Best Practices – Thought Leadership in Valuation, Damages, and Transfer Price Analysis
March 2020
Best Practicesincludes more than 1,200 pages of thought leadership on a wide range of topics, including the valuation of private company securities and intangible assets, valuation for property tax purposes, valuation for ESOPs, fair value measurement for financial accounting purposes, transfer price analysis, and economic damages measurement.
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Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2020 Edition
January 2020
The Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2020 Edition is essential for business appraisers and attorneys who want to stay ahead of their peers on the most important legal issues brought up in business valuation-related cases. With in-depth analysis from BVR’s legal team, the lessons learned in this book help appraisers reach better and more defensible valuation conclusions. And, attorneys who retain appraisers as financial experts learn how their experts can help them win (or lose) in court.
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Business Valuation Update Yearbook, 2020 Edition
January 2020
BVR has you covered with the Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2020. This newest edition from the publishers of Business Valuation Update covers the year’s most groundbreaking and thought-provoking advancements in business valuation, and more. This critical desktop reference keeps you ahead of your peers with on-the-ground reporting from valuation experts, thought-leaders, and BVR’s editorial team.
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Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2019 Edition
February 2019
The Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2019 Edition is essential for business appraisers and attorneys who want to stay ahead of their peers on the most important legal issues brought up in business valuation-related cases. With in-depth analysis from BVR’s legal team, the lessons learned in this book help appraisers reach better and more defensible valuation conclusions. And, attorneys who retain appraisers as financial experts learn how their experts can help them win (or lose) in court.
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Business Valuation Update Yearbook, 2019 Edition
February 2019
BVR has you covered with the Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2019. This newest edition from the publishers of Business Valuation Update covers the year’s most groundbreaking and thought-provoking advancements in business valuation, and more. This critical desktop reference keeps you ahead of your peers with on-the-ground reporting from valuation experts, thought-leaders, and BVR’s editorial team.
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Business Valuations and the IRS: Five Books In One
March 2018
Business Valuations and the IRS:Five Books in One, written by expert Michael Gregory, is specifically for business appraisers, expert witnesses, and those who work with or may need to work with the IRS regarding business valuations.This must-have publication aids the reader in understanding classification, the IRS review processes and structure, and how to resolve conflicts with the IRS.
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Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2018 Edition
February 2018
The Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2018 Edition is essential for business appraisers and attorneys who want to stay ahead of their peers on the most important legal issues brought up in business valuation-related cases. With in-depth analysis from BVR’s legal team, the lessons learned in this book help appraisers reach better and more defensible valuation conclusions. And, attorneys who retain appraisers as financial experts learn how their experts can help them win (or lose) in court.
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Business Valuation Update Yearbook, 2018 Edition
February 2018
BVR has you covered with the Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2018. This newest edition from the publishers of Business Valuation Update covers the year’s most groundbreaking and thought-provoking advancements in business valuation, and more. This critical desktop reference keeps you ahead of your peers with on-the-ground reporting from valuation experts, thought-leaders, and BVR’s editorial team.
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Understanding Business Valuation: A Practical Guide to Valuing Small- to Medium-Sized Businesses, 5th edition
October 2017
The new edition of Understanding Business Valuation simplifies a technical and complex area of practice with real-world experience and examples. Expert author Gary Trugman's informal, easy-to-read style, covers all the bases in the various valuation approaches, methods, and techniques.
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Discount for Lack of Marketability Guide and Toolkit
May 2017
The estimation of a discount for lack of marketability (DLOM) is under increased scrutiny by users of valuation reports, the IRS and others. The VPS DLOM Guide and Toolkit by Jim Hitchner, Jim Alerding, Josh Angell, and Kate Morris is designed to provide the information and tools necessary to properly calculate and support a DLOM using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
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Financial Valuation: Applications and Models, + Website, 4th Edition
April 2017
Financial Valuation: Applications and Models provides authoritative reference and practical guidance on the appropriate, defensible way to prepare and present business valuations. With contributions from 30 top experts in the field, this new edition provides an essential resource for those seeking the most up-to-date guidance, with a strong emphasis on applications and models.
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Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook, 2017 Edition
February 2017
The Business Valuation Case Law Yearbook analyzes the year’s most meaningful valuation-related issues in the major courts including marital disputes, breach of contract actions, damages, dissenting shareholder disputes, estate and gift tax cases, federal taxation, intellectual property cases, bankruptcy litigation, and more. Readers learn how debates over economic damages, goodwill, M&A-related appraisals, discounts, and Daubert challenges played out in court during the past year.
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Business Valuation Update Yearbook, 2017 Edition
February 2017
BVR has you covered with the Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2017. This newest edition from the publishers of Business Valuation Update covers the year’s most groundbreaking and thought-provoking advancements in business valuation including IRC Sec. 2704, DLOM, cost of capital, and more. This critical desktop reference keeps you ahead of your peers with on-the-ground reporting from valuation experts, thought-leaders, and BVR’s editorial team.
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A Consensus View: Q&A Guide to Financial Valuation 2016 edition
March 2016
In A Consensus View Q&A Guide to Business Valuation, Jim Hitchner, Shannon Pratt, and Jay Fishman answer over 150 of the most important business valuation questions they’ve been asked over the years. Each year, new chapters will be added and existing chapters will be updated.
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Business Valuation Yearbook 2016
February 2016
Keep up with business valuation’s most innovative approaches and techniques, new court decisions, and regulatory and professional standards updates. BVR has you covered with the Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2016. This newest edition from the publishers of Business Valuation Update covers the year’s most groundbreaking and thought-provoking advancements
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BVR Legal and Court Case Yearbook 2016
February 2016
The BVR Legal and Court Case Yearbook 2016 is essential for business appraisers and attorneys who want to stay ahead of their peers on the most important legal issues confronting business valuation. With in-depth analysis from BVR’s legal team, the lessons learned in this book help appraisers come to better and more defensible valuation conclusions.
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Update on Control Premiums: What the Experts Say (PDF)
May 2015
BVR’s data-rich special report "Update on Control Premiums: What the Experts Say," presents both qualitative commentaries and case studies from numerous experts who address these issues. It is includes all the necessary quantitative considerations along with coverage of the controversies about the concepts and data, presenting all sides of the argument.
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Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2015
February 2015
BVR has you covered with the latest news in the business valuation profession! Get your Business Valuation Update Yearbook 2015 now to stay up to date with the most innovative approaches and techniques, leading conferences, new court decisions and changes in regulations and standards in the profession with on-the-ground reporting from valuation experts, thought-leaders and the BVR editorial team.
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BVR Legal and Court Case Yearbook 2015
February 2015
The BVR Legal and Court Case Yearbook 2015 is essential for business valuation professionals and attorneys to stay current on the most important legal issues confronting the profession. The Yearbook covers marital disputes, breach of contract actions, damages, dissenting shareholder disputes, estate and gift tax cases, federal taxation, intellectual property cases, bankruptcy litigation, and more.
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Discount for Lack of Marketability and the IRS
October 2013
Discount for Lack of Marketability and the IRS, authored by Michael Gregory, provides the single most authoritative and up-to-date introduction available on the topic of discounts for lack of marketability (DLOM) and the IRS.
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BVR's Guide to Discounts for Lack of Marketability, Fifth Edition (2 Volumes)
August 2013
In the fifth edition of BVR's Guide to Discounts for Lack of Marketability, John Stockdale, Sr. offers the newest treatise on the theories, evidence, and techniques for determining discounts for lack of marketability (DLOM). DLOM is one of the most discussed topics in the business valuation profession with a historically wide divergence in how valuators approach it.
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Leaps and the DLOM
January 2013
Authored by Ron Seaman, LEAPS and the DLOM is an indispensable resource for every valuation practitioner. Ron has been studying the universe of Long-Term Equity Anticipation Securities (LEAPS) for five years to understand what they show about discounts for lack of marketability (DLOMs), which are key attributes in the valuation of closely-held shareholdings and other interests.
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Business Valuation Discounts & Premiums, 2nd Edition
April 2009
In this newly updated edition of Business Valuation: Discounts and Premiums, Shannon Pratt brings together the latest collective wisdom and knowledge about all major business discounts and premiums.
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Valuing a Business: The Analysis and Appraisal of Closely Held Companies, 5th Ed.
January 2008
Since the first edition was published in 1981, the profession of business appraisal has matured immensely. The IRS has come out with business valuation guidelines, and the AICPA has published their business valuation standards. While each organization’s standards or guidelines are slightly different from the others, there is unanimous agreement on the central concepts of business valuation.
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Training
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Black Scholes Option Model: Global Education by iiBV (eLearning Course)
The Black Scholes Option Model was first published in 1973, but the applicability in valuation is strong to this day. Join iiBV expert Andrew Strickland as he dissects and explains the various components of the models, and how they can be utilized in your valuation.
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Excel for Valuation: Beginner to Advanced (eLearning course)
Whether you're new to the field or a veteran business valuation practitioner, there is no tool more critical than Excel. BVR's new eLearning course, "Excel for Valuation: Beginner to Advanced," will catapult your Excel knowledge and skills so you can work as efficiently as possible with spreadsheets, formulas and functions. You can customize the course to match your skill level; start with the very basics or jump right into more complex areas. The eLearning combination of video, notes, take-away templates, quizzes, and exercises ensure you will remain thoroughly engaged for the duration of the course.
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International Business Valuation Standards and Ethics (eLearning course)
Valuation is a global profession, and for many that means complying with the new 2017 International Valuation Standards and Code of Ethical Principles. This comprehensive eLearning course delivers what you need to know to demonstrate global valuation competency and understand the significant changes to the standards. See practical and relevant examples by working through an actual case study that follows all of the logical steps of a valuation engagement. Hold yourself to a higher global standard and be prepared to venture wherever your next valuation assignment takes you.
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International Cost of Capital: Global Education by iiBV (eLearning course)
The income approach is the most relied upon approach for most valuations, and determining the cost of capital for your engagement for a non-U.S. company is often difficult due to lack of local data. Utilizing commonly applied models in developing international cost of capital, such as relative volatility models or country yield spread models, is critical for success. Learn the shortcomings of each model in terms of their ability to capture the systematic and unsystematic risk in a subject company.
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Monte Carlo: Applications, Examples and Best Practices for Valuation (eLearning course)
As complexity and uncertainty continue to increase, business valuation experts must up their game to master the challenges that accompany today's engagements. Rise to – and soar beyond – the occasion using Monte Carlo simulations, an indispensable method for advanced valuation scenarios. This eLearning course, "Monte Carlo: Applications, Examples and Best Practices for Valuation" distills the best instruction and content on the topic.
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Valuing Early Stage Companies: Global Education by iiBV (eLearning course)
Early stage companies are challenging to value. Often with undeveloped or even no revenue these companies require a unique set of tools for a business valuer. Learn the common models used to deploy valuations in this area such as the Current Value Method, Option Pricing Model, and the Probability Weighted Expected Return Method (PWERM), along with their shortcomings.
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Valuing Intangible Assets: Global Education by iiBV (eLearning course)
Every valuation professional needs to be able to identify the differences between intangible and tangible assets. The first step is to define the major categories of intangible assets and understand the common models used to determine value. Often the purpose of intangible valuation is for financial reporting contexts, including purchase price allocation. Join Jon Barton in this fundamental eLearning course that builds on core valuation concepts with in depth lectures and Excel-based case studies.
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Valuing Minority Interests: Global Education by iiBV (eLearning course)
Valuing a partial interest in a business is difficult, and when that interest is a minority ownership stake the impact to value can be significant. In this eLearning course, led by John Barton, you’ll learn methods to adjust for and quantify minority discounts. Control is a key issue, and understanding the multiple methods an appraiser can utilize is critical to a defensible valuation.
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29
/ January
2020
Pre-IPO Revival: Up your DLOM game in 2020
21
/ November
2019
Back to the Future? Exploding the Income Approach (A BVR Workshop)
24
/ October
2019
Demystifying the Complex World of Discounts for Lack of Marketability
25
/ January
2018
What You Need to Know About DLOMs and the IRS
07
/ November
2017
DLOM: Building, Supporting and Reconciling Multiple Models
Deal & Market Data
FactSet Mergerstat/BVR Control Premium Study
Rely on more than 20 years of detailed transaction data in the FactSet Mergerstat /BVR Control Premium Study database. This robust online resource provides empirical support for quantifying control premiums, implied minority discounts, and public company valuation multiples.
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Stout Restricted Stock Study & DLOM Calculator
The Stout Restricted Stock StudyTM, updated quarterly, is a thoroughly vetted, restricted stock sourced discount for lack of marketability database that provides empirical support to quantify marketability discounts used in the business valuation, venture capital, and merger and acquisition (M&A) professions. Take advantage of 750+ rigorously screened transactions with up to 60 data fields.
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Valuation Advisors Lack of Marketability Discount Study
Defend your discounts for lack of marketability with the most current data in the Valuation Advisors Lack of Marketability Discount Study. This robust, online database includes 15,590+ pre-IPO transactions, including 1,900+ non-U.S. deals covering 95 countries, from 1985-present.
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News & Research
Business Valuation Update
The Business Valuation Update (BVU), a monthly newsletter with searchable online access, includes new thinking from leading professionals, detailed reports from valuation conferences, analysis of new business valuation approaches, thorough analysis of “landmark” legal cases in key business valuation issues, regulatory and standards updates, and much more.
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BVLaw
Turn to the exclusive BVLaw collection, which includes case digests and court opinions for thousands of business valuation and damages cases that deal with economic damages, lost profits, estate and gift tax, divorce, shareholder repression, partnership dissolution, securities litigation, and more.
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Blog Posts
14
/ September
2018
How did surging stock prices affect M&A premiums all buyers paid in 2017?
How did surging stock prices affect M&A premiums all buyers paid in 2017? The Mergerstat Review highlights acquisition premiums paid using the seller’s five-day stock price prior to the announcement of the transaction, or essentially the premiums based on the equity value of the seller. Looking at the trends across all transactions, the numerous tables and charts in the Mergerstat Review show that premiums have steadily declined in most of the past five years. Read more >>
31
/ July
2018
How high were M&A premiums last year? See the five highest premiums offered
Discover how far last year’s M&A buyers were willing to go above the publicly traded share value with their offers. View a list of the five highest premiums offered for M&A transactions announced in 2017. Read more >>
15
/ February
2017
Damodaran updates data-rich cost of capital spreadsheets
Professor Aswath Damodaran (New York University Stern School of Business) has released new data posts and data sets updated for 2017 related to valuation and the cost of capital, including historical stock returns, implied equity risk premiums, country risk premiums, and more. Read more >>
05
/ December
2016
Chancery says bids in squeeze-out merger are not comparable
The Delaware Court of Chancery recently cut short a challenge to a going-private merger when it dismissed the plaintiffs' complaint. The plaintiffs unsuccessfully argued the defendants breached their fiduciary duties when they favored the controller's lower bid over a third-party bidder's higher offer.
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27
/ October
2016
What DLOM methods are now used the most?
Is there a consensus yet on the method to use for estimating a discount for lack of marketability (DLOM)? Find out by taking a short survey. Read more >>
09
/ September
2016
Challenge to new Section 2704 regulations is shaping up
The accounting, valuation, and legal professions are hard at work to defeat the Treasury Department's proposed Section 274 regulations. The new regs would curtail, if not entirely eliminate, valuation discounts in family-controlled entities. Read more >>
03
/ August
2016
Proposed method to deal with confusion over discounts
A number of leading valuation experts have called for the profession to speak with one voice and eliminate the confusion over the use of discounts. One valuation expert offers up some nomenclature and—more importantly—a framework that he hopes will help with this thorny issue.
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28
/ June
2016
NACVA's star-studded silver anniversary conference
Shannon Pratt, Roger Grabowski, Jim Hitchner, Nancy Fannon, and the Honorable Judge David Laro of the Tax Court are just a few of valuation thought leaders dubbed by NACVA as “industry titans” who gave presentations at the organization’s 25th anniversary conference in San Diego Read more >>
14
/ April
2016
Court refuses to take stand on minority discount in buyback of shares
The parties retained a sole appraiser, whom they both knew from past appraisals he had done of the company. Prior to formally engaging the appraiser, in a court hearing, both sides broached the issue of whether it was appropriate to apply a minority discount in valuing the plaintiff's shares. The court declined to weigh in on the subject, but told the parties the minority discount issue should form “part of the discussion” they needed to have over the valuation methodology. Read more >>
04
/ April
2016
Call for data to test new average-strike put option DLOM model
John Finnerty (Alix Partners) has developed a new version of his average-strike put option DLOM model that can be generalized to accommodate a restriction period of any particular fixed length. He presented the new model during a BVR webinar and asked the audience for comments and suggestions. He would also like some real data for testing purposes. Read more >>