Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Valuation
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its progeny (such as machine learning [ML] and robotics) are increasingly becoming reality. The AI explosion is underway. Where and when it comes to the neighborhood of Business Valuation is a subject that we as Valuation Analysts should be informed about. In this webinar, Jim Alerding will explore the new frontier of Artificial Intelligence and discuss how it might impact the valuation of a business. Alerding’s s advice is that AI ...
Damodaran to give critical perspective of ESG
Never one to mince words, Aswath Damodaran (New York University Stern School of Business) called it “the most overhyped, oversold concept in the history of business.”
Tax returns as a source of historical data
The vast majority (91%) of valuation experts say federal tax returns are crucial or very important sources of historical financial data.
Long-run Growth Rates in Discounted Cash Flow Models
Long-run growth rates play a central role in all discounted cash flow models. This is true whether the goal is to estimate the value of a company or to estimate the cost of equity. It is well recognized as a matter of mathematics—although not always incorporated into practice—that the long-run expected growth rate cannot exceed the growth rate of the aggregate economy. What is less widely appreciated is that as an empirical matter the long-run ...
Adjusting Tech Company Financial Statements When Applying the Value Driver Formula
This article follows the authors' article in Business Valuation Review (November 2020) that explored typical errors when capitalizing cash flows in the terminal period of the Discounted Cash Flow Method. Since investments related to intangible assets are often expensed immediately through the income statement under generally accepted accounting principles, the article demonstrated that without significant adjustment, the value driver formula would likely overstate the net reinvestment into fixed assets and working capital when calculating the ...
Unlocking the Value of ESG: Report from the International Valuation Standard Council
This report provides an overview of the work carried out by the International Valuation Standard Council (IVSC) over the past two years in relation to unlocking the value of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria within the valuation process, including a summary of the recently published IVSC ESG perspectives papers and internally generated intangibles. The report also illustrates some key findings from the IVSC ESG survey for firms, investors, and valuation providers and advises when ...
Griggs v. Griggs
The husband appealed this Vermont divorce case to the State Supreme Court inter alia to challenge the inclusion of PPP loan proceeds by the wife’s expert in determining the cash flows of the husband’s electrician services business for purposes of determining a value of the business using the capitalization of earnings method. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower trial court on this issue and allowed the PPP proceeds to be included in the cash flows.
Vermont Supreme Court Allows Inclusion of PPP Proceeds in Cap Earnings Cash Flow for Determination of Value
The husband appealed this Vermont divorce case to the State Supreme Court inter alia to challenge the inclusion of PPP loan proceeds by the wife’s expert in determining the cash flows of the husband’s electrician services business for purposes of determining a value of the business using the capitalization of earnings method. The Supreme Court affirmed the lower trial court on this issue and allowed the PPP proceeds to be included in the cash flows.
Reminder: Take a survey on tax return data extraction
Is the historical financial information you get from client tax returns in usable form? Do you have to extract it by hand? Do you use an automated solution?
SEC climate proposal is key topic during KPMG panel
At the recent Global Financial Reporting and Valuation Conference, a panel of KPMG leaders shared their knowledge and insights on the evolving landscape regarding environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. During this session, audience members were particularly interested in how the SEC climate proposal can impact private companies.
How do you extract tax return data?
BVR is always on the lookout for new offerings that will help practitioners. One area where we see some potential need is in extracting historical financial data from client tax returns.
New Research Strengthens Support for the Three-Stage DCF
Unpublished research from Roger Grabowski and Ashok Abbott reveals data on firm growth over three stages: startup, stabilizing, and long term.
Tax Court (Grudgingly) Allows Tax Affecting Under the SEAM Method
This was a gift tax valuation case the U.S. Tax Court decided. Gifts of minority interests in The Biltmore Co. were made from the its shareholders, the Cecils, to their children and grandchildren. The IRS audited the gift tax returns and assessed deficiencies for reporting too low fair market values of the gifts of The Biltmore Co. stock. Both sides presented experts to value the gifted interests. The experts agreed that the cash flows should be tax affected. The court accepted the tax affecting while allowing that it was not an admission by the Tax Court that tax affecting should apply in all cases. The Tax Court made changes to the values presented and cobbled together a final value that resulted in refunds to the taxpayers/petitioners.
Estate of Cecil v. Comm’r
This was a gift tax valuation case the U.S. Tax Court decided. Gifts of minority interests in The Biltmore Co. were made from the its shareholders, the Cecils, to their children and grandchildren. The IRS audited the gift tax returns and assessed deficiencies for reporting too low fair market values of the gifts of The Biltmore Co. stock. Both sides presented experts to value the gifted interests. The experts agreed that the cash flows should be tax affected. The court accepted the tax affecting while allowing that it was not an admission by the Tax Court that tax affecting should apply in all cases. The Tax Court made changes to the values presented and cobbled together a final value that resulted in refunds to the taxpayers/petitioners.
Valuing Real Estate Centered Entities in 2023
A review of the problems business appraisers and analysts see in companies holding substantial amounts of real estate, often necessary to run the business and produce cash flow. Discussion will focus on understanding and incorporating real property appraisal conclusions including an intangible asset and how to test those findings with business valuation evidence ...
BV News and Trends January 2023
A monthly roundup of key developments of interest to business valuation experts.
Business Valuation Update Yearbook, 2023 Edition
January 2023 PDF, Softcover (426 pages)
BVR (editor)
Business Valuation Resources, LLC
Absent a goodwill analysis, the court does its own
In a Tennessee divorce case involving the husband’s plastic surgery practice, neither valuation expert did an analysis that separated enterprise and personal goodwill.
BV News and Trends December 2022
A monthly roundup of key developments of interest to business valuation experts.
New Tool in the BV Toolbox—Incorporating Company Specific Risk in Option Pricing Models
The standard practice of accounting for company-specific risk is to leave expected cash flows unchanged and add a CRSP to the discount rate. A preferred methodology would be to adjust expected cash flows for the economic effect of company-specific risk and leave the discount rate unchanged. In this webinar, we will set forth the methodology for adjusting cash flows using a quant-based rather than a judgement-based methodology. We will then calculate call option value via ...
Most firms can’t forecast impacts of ESG
A new global survey highlights the difficulty in quantifying the financial impacts of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors.
BV News and Trends October 2022
A monthly roundup of key developments of interest to business valuation experts.
Delaware Chancery Court Cites Differences in Cash-Flow Assumptions as Cause for Large Discrepancy in Value
In this appraisal action to determine fair value, petitioner Ramcell Inc. exercised its appraisal rights in asking for a statutory appraisal of the value of its 155 shares of Jackson Cellular Telephone Co. Inc. The respondent, Alltel Corp. (dba Verizon Wireless), had converted the 155 shares at a value of $2,963 per share. “Respondent’s expert opines that Jackson’s per-share value was $5,690.92 at the time of the merger. Petitioner’s expert has offered two appraisal ranges, opining that, at the high end, Jackson’s per-share value was $36,016 on the merger date.” Both parties agreed that the DCF method should be the sole method for determining the value. The Delaware Chancery Court, using that method, determined the fair value of each share at $11,464.57. The court noted that the disparity in the parties’ valuations was due to disagreements as to the inputs to the DCF model and how they should be calculated.
Ramcell, Inc. v. Alltel Corp.
In this appraisal action to determine fair value, petitioner Ramcell Inc. exercised its appraisal rights in asking for a statutory appraisal of the value of its 155 shares of Jackson Cellular Telephone Co. Inc. The respondent, Alltel Corp. (dba Verizon Wireless), had converted the 155 shares at a value of $2,963 per share. “Respondent’s expert opines that Jackson’s per-share value was $5,690.92 at the time of the merger. Petitioner’s expert has offered two appraisal ranges, opining that, at the high end, Jackson’s per-share value was $36,016 on the merger date.” Both parties agreed that the DCF method should be the sole method for determining the value. The Delaware Chancery Court, using that method, determined the fair value of each share at $11,464.57. The court noted that the disparity in the parties’ valuations was due to disagreements as to the inputs to the DCF model and how they should be calculated.
Official Comm. of Unsecured Creditors of LB Steel, LLC v. Steelcast Ltd. (In re LB Steel, LLC)
The Bankruptcy Court in this case dealt with an adversary complaint from the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors. The committee sought to avoid and recover payments the debtor made within the 90 days leading up to the bankruptcy filing to the parent company. For reasons including that the debtor was insolvent during that 90-day period, the court decided in favor of the committee and ordered the payments avoided and ordered the parent company to repay the debtor’s estate.