The prohibition of remuneration for referrals set forth in the Stark Law and federal anti-kickback statutes (AKS) has long been a challenge for the appraisal of healthcare entities. As the regulatory, legal, and economic frameworks of this industry continue their rapid evolution, identifying and avoiding valuations of these referrals is becoming increasingly important and challenging. In Part 11 of BVR's 2014 Online Symposium on Healthcare Valuation, attorneys James Pinna and Matthew Jenkins discuss how the long-standing Stark and AKS fit with the new healthcare economy and what every appraiser should know before their next healthcare assignment.